Adequacy of environmental releases to the Snowy River Snowy Scientific Committee October 2008, prepared for the Water Ministerial Administration Corporation
This report assesses the adequacy of environmental releases to the Snowy River downstream of Jindabyne Dam. The executive summary states in point [4]
“In terms of the four flow response principles, flows down the Snowy River from the dam have not been adequate for habitat and channel maintenance, have not provided normal stream conditions for stream fauna, and have not delivered any discernible lateral connectivity; they have maintained a reduced longitudinal connectivity and have provided conditions for the maintenance of some exotic fish species, for example Eastern Gambusia, goldfish.”
Environmental Aspects of Horses on Trails by Adda Quinn, EnviroHorse.
– https://www.americantrails.org/resources/environmental-aspects-of-horses-on-trails
Adda explains that Janzen is the researcher who has done the most studies on seeds in horse manure. Among his conclusions are:
“Most seeds are dry or otherwise inconspicuous and are not associated with specific dispersal agents (e.g., the horse). Seeds are primarily dispersed by gravity, wind, surface water movement, soil erosion, birds, ants, dung beetles and rodents.”
Estimating human-mediated dispersal of seeds within an Australian protected area August 2011 by Catherine Pickering et al.
Pickering explains in the Abstract that:
- Seed dispersal by hikers was quantified for five invasive species (the native Acaena novae-zelandiae, and the non-native weeds Rumex acetosella Anthoxanthum odoratum, Dactylis glomerata and Festuca rubra) in part of Australia’s Kosciuszko National Park, and
- Long distance human-mediated seed dispersal is potentially a major cause of spread of invasive weeds into protected areas that favours some invasive species over others.
Independent Technical Reference Group (ITRG) Supplementary report to the Kosciuszko National Park Wild Horse Management Plan 2016
The final report of the Independent Technical Reference Group (ITRG) stated on p.12 that:
“Numerous degraded sites are distributed across KNP where vegetation loss or active erosion occurs. These sites are associated with fire trails, transmission lines and areas of intense human activity, or are relics of historic fire, grazing and construction.”
References
ITRG 2016, Final report of the Independent Technical Reference Group: Supplementary to the Kosciuszko National Park Wild Horse Management Plan, report by the Independent Technical Reference Group to the Office of Environment and Heritage NSW, Sydney.
Pickering, Catherine, et al., 2001, Estimating human-mediated dispersl of seeds witin an Australian protected area, August 2011 Biological Invasions 13(8):1869-1880 DOI: 10.1007/s10530-011-0006-y
Quinn, Adda, 2004, Environmental Aspects of Horses on Trails, American Trails website, https://www.americantrails.org/resources/environmental-aspects-of-horses-on-trails
Snowy Scientific Committee, 2008, Adequacy of environmental releases to the Snowy River, Report No. 1 Prepared for the Water Ministerial Administration Corporation, October 2008, Canberra
